11月5日 讲义
1.「subject」在原文中是“臣民”的意思。而subject常见的意思,就是“科目”的意思。
原句:His subjects loved him, and his neighbors feared him.
例句:What’s your favorite subject?
2.「neighbor」在原文的意思可不是“邻居”,而是“邻国”哦。
原句:His subjects loved him, and his neighbors feared him.
例句:Could you love your neighbor as yourself and deceive him?
3.「while」在原文中是表示对比,过去和现在,过去他们很敬爱君王,但是现在他们却恨他。
原句:While they had used to like the sultan, now they hated him.
while还可以表示转折“虽然 ”
例句:While he was not poor, he had no ready cash.他虽然不穷,但是没有现金。(都是支付宝的原因吗hhhh)
While常见意思“当 …… 时”
例句:While she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
4.「turn」在文中是“转身”的意思。
原句:Scheherazade did not answer her sister, but turned to the sultan.
turn常见是“转动”的意思,我们来看几个常见的turn的短语吧~
turn off 关上 ; 拐弯
turn up 开大 ; 出现 ;
turn down 调低 ; 拒绝
turn over 翻过来 ; 仔细考虑 ; 翻身
turn back 折回 ; 往回走
turn around 转身 ; 转圈
5.「Highness」大写H是阁下、殿下的意思。highness还有“高度”的意思。
原句:"Will your Highness let me do as my sister asks?" said she.
例句:The highness of the tree is amazing.
1. Once upon a time, / long ago in the Middle East, / there was a sultan, / which is the word / they used for “king”.
「Once upon a time」:在这里和long ago一样都是指“很久以前”,这个表达经常用于童话故事的开头或者是我们常说的“古时候”,举个例子:Once upon a time there was an old man named Tom. 很久以前,有一位老人叫汤姆。
「Middle East」:就是我们新闻中经常提到的中东地区,一般泛指欧亚非三大洲连接的地区。它不仅仅包括我们熟知的伊拉克等国家,土耳其等国也包含在内。
2. When he died, /he left his kingdom more powerful than /any king had done before him.
「leave」是“留给,留下”的意思,这里大家要注意leave 的过去式和过去分词都是left,同学们也需要专门记一下啊~
「more powerful than」意思是“比...更强大”,more powerful是powerful的比较级形式。「比较级+than」表示“比...更(怎样)”。
「had done」这里同学们可能有些困惑,在这里,这位国王(he)去世已经是过去的事了,而这位国王之前的国王们所做的事情又是发生在这位国王去世以前,这就是我们所说的“过去的过去”,要用had done来表示。
给大家举个例子:I had done my homework before mother went home. 在妈妈回家前我就做好了作业。
3. Her behavior was so bad, that /he felt he must follow the law of the land and put her to death.
「so…that」这已经不是大家第一次见到啦,相信同学们也已经很熟悉了,so……that 是“如此……以至于”的意思。再给大家举个例子:This work is so difficult that nobody could solve it. 这件工作太难了以至于没有人能够解决它。
「land」在这里并不是大家所熟知的“陆地”的意思呢,“the law of the land”是一个固定搭配,是“国法,王法”的意思。
「put sb. to death」是处死某人,put……to 就是“把……推向……”。给大家举个例子:Amy is so angry that she puts her ex-husband to death.
这句话就是说她的行为是如此的恶劣以至于国王认为他必须遵守国法处死她。
4. The sultan believed wrongly/ that, at heart, all women were secretly as evil as his wife.
「at heart」的意思除了“本质上”,还有“内心里”的意思,在这里是对国王对女人观点的附加说明。苏丹打心底(at heart)错误地(wrongly)认为…
「that……wife」这里是国王相信的内容,就是说国王打心里错误地认为(believed)女人在背地里(secretly)都和他的妻子一样恶毒(evil)。
「as…as」是“和……一样”。举个例子:she is as beautiful as a star. 她像明星一样漂亮。
5. So every night/ he married a new wife /and had her put to death the following morning.
「have sb./sth. done」表示“某人/某事被......”,在文中就是说他的新妻子被处死(puts……to death)。
这句话的意思是:因此每一天晚上,国王都会迎娶一位新妻子并且在第二天早上将她处死。
6. Fathers and mothers /either cried for the loss of their daughters/ or were afraid of/ what would happen to them.
「either…or」是“要么……要么”的意思,给大家举个例子: You could either choose this skirt or choose that shirt. 你要么选择这件裙子要么选择那件衬衫。
「be afraid of」“害怕,担心” I’m afraid of being punished. 我害怕被惩罚。
「what……them」都是afraid of的内容,其中「happen to」是一个固定搭配,是“发生”的意思。所以这句话就是说父亲们和母亲们要么为他们死去的女儿哭泣,要么担心将要发生到他们身上的事。
7. "I want to stop this deadly practice of the sultan's, and to save the girls from their awful fate."
「practice of the sultan's」就是practice of the sultan’s practices, 因为前面已经出现一个practice在英语中避免重复,后面的practices就省略掉。这里是说国王所有的行为中娶妻杀害这个做法,类似的用法还有a friend of mine,就是说我的一个朋友。「practice」在这里并不是“实践”的意思,而是“做法”。
8. "Father,"/ answered Scheherazade,/ "it is you who must find new wives for the sultan. /I beg you, by all the love you have for me, to make me the next wife."
「it is you who…」这是一个强调句,强调的是you这个主语,去掉it is和who句子成分和句意都是完整的:you must find new wives for the sultan.
知识拓展:强调句的基本句型是it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分。给大家举个例子:It is they who will go home tomorrow.就是他们明天要回家。
「by all the love you have for me」就是说你对我所有的爱,这里就是补充说明大女儿希望用父亲对她全部的爱来求父亲让她成为国王的新妻子。
9. “…But if I succeed, I will have done a great service to my country."
「if」在这里是“如果”的意思,就是说如果我成功了。除此之外,if 还有“是否”的意思,给大家举个例子:I will examine if you have done the homework.
「will have done」是将来完成时,它强调在将来的某一时间,某事已经被完成了。在这里就是说如果父亲让我成为国王的新妻子,那时我就对国家做了一件伟大的事,就是成功阻止了国王,让他不再每天迎娶新的女人并在第二天一早杀掉她。
这句话的意思就是:如果我成功了,那么我就可以对这个国家做很大的贡献。
10. An hour before sunrise, Dinarzade awoke, and asked her sister to tell /one of her stories for the last time.
「ask sb. to do sth.」就是“让某人做某事”,这是一个很常见的句型呦。举个例子:My mother asks me to buy some meat. 我妈妈让我去买点肉。
「for the last time」是“最后一次”的意思,所以这句话就是说天亮前一个小时,Dinarzade醒来,并且要求她姐姐最后一次讲一遍故事。
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