The moral philosophy of the Essays smacks rather of Machiavelli than of the Christianity to which Bacon made so many astute obeisances.
《论说文集》中的道德哲学砸碎了马基雅维利君主论,他的道德论就是没有道德,没有过多的抨击基督教的观点。
"We are beholden to Machiavel, and writers of that kind, who openly and unmasked declare what men do in fact, and not what they ought to do; for it is impossible to join the wisdom of the serpent and the innocence of the dove, without a previous knowledge of the nature of evil; as, without this, virtue lies exposed and unguarded."
“我们应该感谢马基雅维利这类作家,他们坦率地说出了人们的实际所作所为,而不是应该的做法。倘若对性本恶没有预先的认识,而要将蛇的智慧与鸽子的天真结合在一起是不可能的;缺乏这类知识,美德将暴露无遗且毫无防备。”
应然性和实然性
应该做什么?-是人道德哲学的很高标准。
基督教是应然性
培根在《说论文集》中的道德伦理是更接近基督教哲学。
人欲要坦然面对,要抽离出来研究分析,没办法一开始就天真,我们要了解邪恶的本质,我们才能区分善恶。
真正的善良-即便面对艹变的世界,我依然选择做善良的事。
柏拉图观念:要和强人一起玩。
"The Italians have an ungracious proverb, Tanto buon che val niente,"—so good that he is good for nothing.
意大利人有一句不太厚道的谚语:人至善则无用。
Bacon accords his preaching with his practice, and advises a judicious mixture of dissimulation with honesty, like an alloy that will make the purer but softer metal capable of longer life.
培根主张将说教与行动相结合,他劝诫世人要以坦诚的方式去拆解自己,像一块合金更加纯,更加软,存留的时间就能变得更多一些。
(虚实结合、随机应变,因为合金才能经久耐用。)
一定要把你的善和恶有一定的包容。
He wants a full and varied career, giving acquaintance with everything that can broaden, deepen,strengthen or sharpen the mind.
他渴望用一种充实丰富的生活有足够的机会来开拓自己的眼界,加深、加强或锤炼自己的思想。
在后现代之前,谈论的是反思;
在后现代之后,谈论的是体验。
培根虽然是后现代之前的,但他非常重视体验。
He does not admire the merely contemplative life; like Goethe he scorns knowledge that does not lead to action: "men ought to know that in the theatre of human life it is only for Gods and angels to be spectators."
他讨厌一味沉思,像歌德一样,也不屑于学习无法付诸实践的知识:“我们要明白,在人类的生活的剧场当中,只有上帝和天使才是纯粹的旁观者。”
语言点:
astute: adj. 急切的
obeisance: n. 遵守
serpent: n. (伊甸园中诱使夏娃吃禁果的)蛇
ungracious: adj. 不体面的;没有教养的
dissimulation: n. 拆解
alloy: n. 合金
scorn: vt. 鄙视
网友评论