此笔记以中英文双语来记录我的思考和分析过程。希望一箭双雕，能够从中领悟更多，学习更多。
小说精装封面
前一篇文章分析精彩小说开头所应该具有的十八个特点之中的四个。他们是文体，腔调，情绪和措辞。阅读时，很容易一带而过，而真正用起来，才晓得其中的艰难。明晓分析原理已是困难，要从专业的角度来其分析所阅读的小说的写作方式和艺术，真是一件具有挑战且有趣的事情。
视角，叙述的在场和叙述的态度，是从三个方面来分析作者究竟用什么样的态度来讲这个故事。
人们常说，逝去的过往恍如异国他乡，有着与如今完全不同的处事原则。谈到习俗与道德、女性地位、贵族政治等种种细节时，确实是这样。然而，过去与现在亦有相似之处。比如，野心、嫉妒、愤怒、贪婪、善良、无私以及最为重要的感情，自古以来便驱使着人们做出种种抉择。这个故事的主人公虽然生活在两百年前，但他们的渴望与愤恨，还有心底燃烧的热情，却与如今的我们别无二致... ...
5.视角(人称的规则)。首要问题不是根据身份确定谁在讲故事。这是为了确知跟故事和人物相关的人。
这是一部关于”他们“的故事。开头并没有指明主角的性别，但我们可以知道是一些有野心的人，并且不会是简单明了的事情，因为涉及得太多，”野心、嫉妒、愤怒、贪婪、善良、无私以及最为重要的感情”。主人公生活在两百年前，那是十八世纪的故事，并且又是一群有钱人的故事。
6.叙述的在场。现在我们可以来谈一谈这个“谁”的问题。
此小说是以第三人称的方式来叙述故事的，并且，叙述者是不在场的，因为是发生在两百年前的事情。这是20世纪的叙述方法，叙述者是超然而客观的，只是在冷眼旁观，将所发生的事情一一呈现。
7.叙述的态度。即对待人物和事件的态度。
近代的第三人称的叙述方式多为理智，客观，这是作者想要呈现的方式。因时代的变迁，处事方式也会改变，但是基本的人性是不会随着时代的改变而改变的，就是在面临这些基本问题时，抉择总是不会改变太多。这是一种明智的描述，并且可以诱着读者去发现更多。
In another article, I only managed to analyze the opening of the Belgravia based on the four of eighteen things a good novel writer is expected to deliver. They are style, tone, mood, and diction. While reading How to Read Novels Like a Professor, it just acts as a normal reading which seems to have gained ideas but yet to use it. The difficulty comes only at the moment of applying the concepts. It is a challenge but interesting for an intention to analyze the novel as a professor.
Point and view, narrative presence and narrative attitude are three prospects to analyze the attitude of the author toward the characters and events.
5. Point of view (one of the literature rules). The first issue isn't who is telling the story in terms of identity. It is to learn who relative to the story and its characters.
This is about "their" story. There was no clear indication if "he" or "she" in the opening paragraph, but a group of people with ambition to enter into the super-rich social circle. The story would be exciting rather than boring and straightforward, as it is about ambition, envy, anger, greed, kindness, selflessness, and most important thing-feelings. It happened two hundred years ago, a story of eighteen century the life of super-riches.
6. Narrative presence. Now we can speak of that other who.
Obviously, the narrative was not present because it happened two hundred years ago. This is the narrative style used popularly in the twentieth century which is objective, cool and without personal feelings. The only thing he did is to present what has happened.
7. Narrative attitude. The attitude toward characters and events.
Generally, the narrative in third-person the attitude toward characters and events is more remote, impersonal and rational. Although time changes, the fundamentals of humans remain unchanged when facing human desires and emotions. This kind of straightforward opening but full of wisdom is easy to catch the heart of the readers and seduces them to want more.
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