CentOS 初始化配置及其安装python，Redis，git

1. 创建组和用户

[root@zanhu ~]# groupadd zanhu
[root@zanhu ~]# useradd -m zanhu -g zanhu
[root@zanhu ~]# passwd zanhu

zanhu家目录赋予执行权限，非常重要！！！

[zanhu@zanhu ~]$ chmod +x /home/zanhu/

2.安装系统依赖

有Python, MySQL的依赖，Elasticsearch对Java依赖，django-compressor的压缩需要的bizp2-devel等

yum -y update # centos8以上的版本，不要执行，否则，你会有无尽的烦恼。我为此付出了一天时间。
yum -y install python3-devel zlib-devel mysql-devel libffi-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel java wget gcc xz-devel sqlite-devel # 安装sqlite3的依赖
# python3.9还需安装 gcc-c++

对于yum(CentOS, RHEL…)
yum install python39-devel
对于apt(Ubuntu, Debian…)
sudo apt-get install python-dev   # for python2.x installs
sudo apt-get install python3-dev  # for python3.x installs

缺少xz-devel导致No module named ‘_lzma’

安装git/redis/nginx/supervisor

yum -y  install git redis nginx supervisor

设置开机启动

保证实例重启后服务依然运行

systemctl enable redis nginx supervisord

3. 安装Python3

3.1 六条命令一梭哈

一条条来不容易出问题，阿里云的服务器下载Python-3.7.2.tar.xz很慢，可以先浏览器下载了再传到服务器上，后面下载elasticsearch-2.4.6.tar.gz也是一样。

[root@zanhu ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz
[root@zanhu ~]# tar -xvf Python-3.7.2.tar.xz
[root@zanhu ~]# cd Python-3.7.2
[root@zanhu ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations
./configure --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions && make && sudo make install
[root@zanhu ~]# make
[root@zanhu ~]# make install

• 注：加上--enable-optimizations后make的过程巨慢，但系统在执行Python代码时会有10%-20%的性能提升，参考 what does --enable-optimizations do while compiling python?

3.2 创建软链接

[root@zanhu ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@zanhu ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

3.3 验证安装结果

[root@zanhu ~]# python3 -V
Python 3.7.2
[root@zanhu ~]# pip3 -V
pip 18.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
[root@zanhu ~]# whereis python3
python3: /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/python3
[root@zanhu ~]# whereis pip3
pip3: /usr/bin/pip3
[root@zanhu ~]#

四、安装Elasticsearch

切换到zanhu用户，elasticsearch服务不能使用root用户运行

[zanhu@zanhu ~]$ wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/tar/elasticsearch/2.4.6/elasticsearch-2.4.6.tar.gz
[zanhu@zanhu ~]$ tar -xvf elasticsearch-2.4.6.tar.gz