一、安装
安装：pip3 install gevent
二、Gevent模块介绍
Gevent 是一个第三方库，可以轻松通过gevent实现并发同步或异步编程，在gevent中用到的主要模式是Greenlet，它是以C扩展模块形式接入Python的轻量级协程。 Greenlet全部运行在主程序操作系统进程的内部，但它们被协作式地调度。
2.1 用法介绍
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g1=gevent.spawn(func,1,,2,3,x=4,y=5) ：创建一个协程对象g1，spawn括号内第一个参数是函数名，如eat，后面可以有多个参数，可以是位置实参或关键字实参，都是传给函数eat的
g2=gevent.spawn(func2)
g1.join() ：等待g1结束
g2.join() ：等待g2结束
上述两步合作一步： gevent.joinall([g1,g2])
g1.value ：拿到func1的返回值
2.2 例：遇到io主动切换
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import gevent
def eat(name):
print('%s eat 1' %name)
gevent.sleep(2)
print('%s eat 2' %name)
def play(name):
print('%s play 1' %name)
gevent.sleep(1)
print('%s play 2' %name)
g1=gevent.spawn(eat,'egon')
g2=gevent.spawn(play,name='egon')
g1.join()
g2.join()
或者gevent.joinall([g1,g2])
print('主')
</pre>
上例 gevent.sleep(2) 模拟的是gevent可以识别的io阻塞，而 time.sleep(2) 或其他的阻塞，gevent是不能直接识别的需要用下面一行代码，打补丁，就可以识别了。
from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all() 必须放到被打补丁者的前面，如time，socket模块之前。
或者我们干脆记忆成：要用gevent，需要将 from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all() 放到文件的开头。
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
import gevent
import time
def eat():
print('eat food 1')
time.sleep(2)
print('eat food 2')
def play():
print('play 1')
time.sleep(1)
print('play 2')
g1=gevent.spawn(eat)
g2=gevent.spawn(play)
gevent.joinall([g1,g2])
print('主')
</pre>
我们可以用 threading.current_thread().getName() 来查看每个g1和g2，查看的结果为DummyThread-n，即假线程
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1562397327201" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">
image
<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
2.3 查看threading.current_thread().getName()
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
import threading
import gevent
import time
def eat():
print(threading.current_thread().getName())
print('eat food 1')
time.sleep(2)
print('eat food 2')
def play():
print(threading.current_thread().getName())
print('play 1')
time.sleep(1)
print('play 2')
g1=gevent.spawn(eat)
g2=gevent.spawn(play)
gevent.joinall([g1,g2])
print('主')
</pre>
三、Gevent之同步与异步
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from gevent import spawn,joinall,monkey;monkey.patch_all()
import time
def task(pid):
"""
Some non-deterministic task
"""
time.sleep(0.5)
print('Task %s done' % pid)
def synchronous(): # 同步
for i in range(10):
task(i)
def asynchronous(): # 异步
g_l=[spawn(task,i) for i in range(10)]
joinall(g_l)
print('DONE')
if name == 'main':
print('Synchronous:')
synchronous()
print('Asynchronous:')
asynchronous()
上面程序的重要部分是将task函数封装到Greenlet内部线程的gevent.spawn。
初始化的greenlet列表存放在数组threads中，此数组被传给gevent.joinall 函数，
后者阻塞当前流程，并执行所有给定的greenlet任务。执行流程只会在 所有greenlet执行完后才会继续向下走。
</pre>
四、Gevent之应用
通过gevent实现单线程下的socket并发
注意：from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()一定要放到导入socket模块之前，否则gevent无法识别socket的阻塞。
4.1 服务端
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
from socket import *
import gevent
如果不想用money.patch_all()打补丁,可以用gevent自带的socket
from gevent import socket
s=socket.socket()
def server(server_ip,port):
s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)
s.bind((server_ip,port))
s.listen(5)
while True:
conn,addr=s.accept()
gevent.spawn(talk,conn,addr)
def talk(conn,addr):
try:
while True:
res=conn.recv(1024)
print('client %s:%s msg: %s' %(addr[0],addr[1],res))
conn.send(res.upper())
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
conn.close()
if name == 'main':
server('127.0.0.1',8080)
</pre>
4.2 客户端
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from socket import *
client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(('127.0.0.1',8080))
while True:
msg=input('>>: ').strip()
if not msg:continue
client.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))
msg=client.recv(1024)
print(msg.decode('utf-8'))
</pre>
4.3 多线程并发多个客户端
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from threading import Thread
from socket import *
import threading
def client(server_ip,port):
c=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) #套接字对象一定要加到函数内，即局部名称空间内，放在函数外则被所有线程共享，则大家公用一个套接字对象，那么客户端端口永远一样了
c.connect((server_ip,port))
count=0
while True:
c.send(('%s say hello %s' %(threading.current_thread().getName(),count)).encode('utf-8'))
msg=c.recv(1024)
print(msg.decode('utf-8'))
count+=1
if name == 'main':
for i in range(500):
t=Thread(target=client,args=('127.0.0.1',8080))
t.start()
</pre>
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