习题2：词的历时研究

第四章  构词法

重点提示：6种构词法

难点提示：无

1. Words are formed or created in different ways. The following table shows some examples of word formation process, fill the blanks with corresponding means of word formation , and give another example for each of them.  

第五章  词义变化

重点提示：词义变化的类型

难点提示：

1. There are four major types of change in word meaning. Name them and give one example for each. 

2.  Diachronically, polysemous words take on various meanings over time. Two basic patterns of meaning changing are Radiation and Concantenation. Define them and make a comparison between them. 

Radiation (语义辐射)

Semantically, radiation is the process in which the primary or central meaning stands at the center while secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction like ray.

All the meanings are independent of one another, but can all be traced back to the central meaning.

e.g. face, head. 

Concantenation (连锁型)

Concatenation, “linking together” is a semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts, like the links of a chain, until there is no connection between the sense that is finally developed and the primary meaning.

e.g. board. 

Concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains.

Radiation describes a process where each of the derived meanings is directly connected to the primary meaning.