随着科学技术的发展，城市里的智能设备越来越多。当这些设备都连上互联网，就能产生海量数据。智慧城市就是利用这些数据来让城市管理和公共服务更加高效。
Smart cities: the future of urban development
by James Ellsmoor
As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and technology-dependent, the ideas of "smart cities" has been proposed as the future of urbanism.
increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/ adv. 越来越（由increase的现在分词加后缀-ly变成副词）
interconnected /ˌɪntəkəˈnektɪd/ adj. 互相联系的（由connect的过去分词加上表示相互的前缀inter-）
dependent /dɪˈpendənt/ adj. 依赖的、依靠的（由depend加后缀-ent变成形容词）
propose /prəˈpəʊz/ v. 提出、提议
urbanism /ˈɜːb(ə)nɪz(ə)m/ n. 城市生活
Smart cities bring together infrastructure and technology to improve the quality of life of citizens and enhance their interactions with the urban environment. But how can data from areas such as public transport, air quality meters and energy production be integrated and effectively used?
infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 基础设施
quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 质量
citizen /ˈsɪtɪz(ə)n/ n. 公民、居民
enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ v. 增强
interaction /ˌɪntəˈrækʃ(ə)n/ n. 互相交流、互动（由interact加后缀-ion变成名词）
urban /ˈɜːb(ə)n/ adj. 城市的、城镇的
data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据
transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ n. 交通、运输
meter /ˈmiːtə(r)/ n. 仪表、计量表
production /prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. 生产、制造
integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ v. 集成、整合
effectively /ɪˈfektɪvli/ adv. 有效地（由effective加后缀-ly变成副词）
The Internet of Things (IoT), could have some of the answers. Created as part of the smart technology movement, the IoT enables various objects and entities to communicate with each other through the internet.
Internet of Things 物联网
movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ n. 运动、社会运动（由move加后缀-ment变成名词）
object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物品
entity /ˈentɪti/ n. 实体、独立存在物
communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ v. 交流、沟通
By creating a network of objects capable of smart interactions, the door is opened to a wide range of technological innovations that could help improve public transport, give accurate traffic reports or provide real-time energy consumption data. Cities can identify both opportunities and challenges quickly, reducing costs by pinpointing issues prior to their emergence and allocating resources more accurately to maximize impact.
network /ˈnetwɜːk/ n. 网络
capable /ˈkeɪpəb(ə)l/ adj. 有能力的
technological /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adj. 技术的（由technology加后缀-ical变成形容词）
innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 创新
accurate /ˈækjurət/ adj. 准确的
real-time 实时的
consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n/ n. 消耗
identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 识别、辨认出
opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 机会
pinpoint /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/ v. 精准定位
prior /praɪə(r)/ to 在…之前
emergence /ɪˈmɜːdʒ(ə)ns/ n. 出现、浮现（由emerge加后缀-ence变成名词）
allocate /ˈæləkeɪt/ v. 分配、分派
resource /ˈriːsɔːs/ n. 资源
accurately /ˈækjurətli/ adv. 准确地（由accurate加后缀-ly变成副词）
maximize /ˈmæksɪmaɪz/ v. 最大化、使最大
impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 重大影响
Smart cities can be places where people want to spend more time. The city of Barcelona has adopted smart technologies by implementing a network of fiber optics throughout the city, providing free high-speed Wi-Fi that supports the IoT. By integrating smart water, lighting and parking management, Barcelona saved €75 million of city funds and created 47,000 new jobs in the smart technology sector.
Barcelona /ˌbɑːsəˈləʊnə/ n. 巴塞罗那（西班牙城市）
adopt /əˈdɒpt/ v. 采取、采用
implement /ˈɪmplɪment/ v. 实施、实现
fiber /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ optics /ˈɒptɪks/ 光导纤维、光纤
throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ prep. 遍及
lighting /ˈlaɪtɪŋ/ n. 照明
management /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ n. 管理（由manage加后缀-ment变成名词）
fund /fʌnd/ n. 资金
sector /ˈsektə(r)/ n. 经济领域
The Netherlands have tested the use of IoT-based infrastructure in Amsterdam, where traffic flow, energy usage and public safety are monitored and adjusted based on real-time data. Meanwhile, in the United States, major cities like Boston and Baltimore have deployed smart trash cans that relay how full they are and determine the most efficient pick-up route for sanitation workers.
the Netherlands /ˈneðələndz/ 荷兰
-based 后缀，意思是“以…为基础的”
Amsterdam /ˌæmstəˈdæm/ n. 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都）
usage /ˈjuːsɪdʒ/ n. 使用、用量
safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全
monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ v. 监控
adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ v. 调整
based on 基于
meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv. 与此同时
major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj. 主要的
Boston /ˈbɒst(ə)n/ n. 波士顿（美国东北部城市）
Baltimore /ˈbɔːltɪmɔː(r)/ n. 巴尔的摩（美国东北部城市）
deploy /dɪˈplɔɪ/ v. 部署
trash can 垃圾桶
relay /rɪˈleɪ/ v. 中继转发、转达
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 确定、决定
efficient /ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/ adj. 高效的
sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 环境卫生
The Internet of Things has led to a plethora（过量） of opportunities for cities willing to implement new smart technology to improve the efficiency of operations. Furthermore, tertiary institutions are also looking into maximizing the impact of integrated smart technology. Places such as university campuses and island communities provide smaller laboratories to implement technology in a more manageable environment that can be then replicated on a larger scale.
lead to 导致
efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/ n. 效率
operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 运作
furthermore /ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r)/ adv. 此外、更重要的是
tertiary /ˈtɜːʃ(ə)ri/ adj. 高等教育的
institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n/ n. 大型机构
campus /ˈkæmpəs/ n. 校园
community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区
manageable /ˈmænɪdʒəb(ə)l/ adj. 可管理的、易管理的（由manage加后缀-able变成形容词）
replicate /ˈreplɪkeɪt/ v. 精确复制
scale /skeɪl/ n. 规模
As smart technology continues to improve and urban centers expand, both will become interconnected. For example, the United Kingdom has plans to integrate smart technology in future development and use big data to make better decisions to upgrade the country's infrastructure.
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 扩大、扩张
upgrade /ʌpˈɡreɪd/ v. 升级
The potential to improve several aspects of public service systems as well as quality of life and reduce costs has driven the demand for smart cities. By taking a step towards the future, we will improve not only how we interact with our general environment but how cities interact with us, ensuring that we receive the best quality options and waste fewer resources.
potential /pəˈtenʃ(ə)l/ n. 潜力
aspect /ˈæspekt/ n. 方面
as well as = and also
drive /draɪv/ v. 推动
demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n. 需求
interact /ˌɪntəˈrækt/ v. 互相交流、互动
ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ v. 确保
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