EventBus
EventBus 是一个 Android 事件发布/订阅框架，通过解耦发布者和订阅者简化 Android 事件传递。传统的事件传递方式包括：Handler、BroadCastReceiver、Interface 回调，相比之下 EventBus 的优点是代码简洁，使用简单，并将事件发布和订阅充分解耦。
下列源码基于EventBus3.0.0进行分析
Subscribe
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
public @interface Subscribe {
//处理事件线程
ThreadMode threadMode() default ThreadMode.POSTING;
/**
* If true, delivers the most recent sticky event (posted with
* {@link EventBus#postSticky(Object)}) to this subscriber (if event available).
*/
//是否粘性，详见postSticky
boolean sticky() default false;
/** Subscriber priority to influence the order of event delivery.
* Within the same delivery thread ({@link ThreadMode}), higher priority subscribers will receive events before
* others with a lower priority. The default priority is 0. Note: the priority does *NOT* affect the order of
* delivery among subscribers with different {@link ThreadMode}s! */
//优先级
int priority() default 0;
}
Register
public void register(Object subscriber) {
//获取类中使用@Subscribe字段的方法列表
//既然不是APT，不过也能理解，这部分是动态去注册的
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this) {
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
//添加到数组缓存中
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
}
}
}
//findSubscriberMethods
List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
//METHOD_CACHE缓存，防止重新找，提高性能
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
return subscriberMethods;
}
//遍历方法和注解得到注册了方法列表
//通过Class做到其所有的方法，再找到其使用了Subscribe注解的方法
if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
} else {
subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
}
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
//如注册了，没有消息处理的话会直接报错
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
+ " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
} else {
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
return subscriberMethods;
}
}
Post
public void post(Object event) {
//获取当前线程，将message添加到消息队列中
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
eventQueue.add(event);
//串行处理事件
if (!postingState.isPosting) {
//发送事件线程是否是主线程
postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();
postingState.isPosting = true;
if (postingState.canceled) {
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
}
try {
//事件队列不为空就一直处理
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
//单条事件，实际处理，如此时在主线程处理耗时操作，会阻塞
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
}
} finally {
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState.isMainThread = false;
}
}
}
postSingleEvent
拆分事件类型（包括事件、事件父类、实现接口）
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
//事件是否继承，默认为true，也就是说会发送一个事件及其父类和接口的所以事件类
if (eventInheritance) {
//找到Event以及Event的父类和其所实现的接口
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
}
} else {
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
}
if (!subscriptionFound) {
if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
}
//如果发送一个没有被注册过的事件，会默认发送一个NoSubscriberEvent
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
}
}
}
postSingleEventForEventType
找到具体的消费类，进行事件消费
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
//找到注册此event的事件类列表，register时候将其放进去
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
synchronized (this) {
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
}
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
postingState.event = event;
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
try {
//找到具体的消费类，进行事件消费
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
//高优先级的处理完了，可以选择终止此次事件的继续分发
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
postToSubscription
消费事件
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
case POSTING:
//发送线程直接消费
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MAIN:
if (isMainThread) {
//在主线程直接消费
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
} else {
//不在主线程发送，则通过Handler继续消费
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
}
break;
case BACKGROUND:
//后台线程，会处理一个事件队列
if (isMainThread) {
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case ASYNC:
//异步线程进行消费，只处理此事件
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
}
}
对ThreadMode源码分析可知：
- PostThread`：默认的 ThreadMode，表示在执行 Post 操作的线程直接调用订阅者的事件响应方法，不论该线程是否为主线程（UI 线程）。当该线程为主线程时，响应方法中不能有耗时操作，否则有卡主线程的风险。适用场景：对于是否在主线程执行无要求，但若 Post 线程为主线程，不能耗时的操作；
-
MainThread：在主线程中执行响应方法。如果发布线程就是主线程，则直接调用订阅者的事件响应方法，否则通过主线程的 Handler 发送消息在主线程中处理——调用订阅者的事件响应函数。显然，MainThread类的方法也不能有耗时操作，以避免卡主线程。适用场景：必须在主线程执行的操作； -
BackgroundThread：在后台线程中执行响应方法。如果发布线程不是主线程，则直接调用订阅者的事件响应函数，否则启动唯一的后台线程去处理。由于后台线程是唯一的，当事件超过一个的时候，它们会被放在队列中依次执行，因此该类响应方法虽然没有PostThread类和MainThread类方法对性能敏感，但最好不要有重度耗时的操作或太频繁的轻度耗时操作，以造成其他操作等待。适用场景：操作轻微耗时且不会过于频繁，即一般的耗时操作都可以放在这里； -
Async：不论发布线程是否为主线程，都使用一个空闲线程来处理。和BackgroundThread不同的是，Async类的所有线程是相互独立的，因此不会出现卡线程的问题。适用场景：长耗时操作，例如网络访问。
postSticky
发送粘性事件
public void postSticky(Object event) {
synchronized (stickyEvents) {
//将事件缓存到stickyEvents中，当再次register时候，会去stickyEvents中获取是否存在，如已经缓存则直接消费
//使用场景：如果您正在跟踪用户的位置，或简单的缓存数据，跟踪电池电量等，您可以使用粘性事件。
stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);
}
// Should be posted after it is putted, in case the subscriber wants to remove immediately
post(event);
}
//register中调用subscribe
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
...略
if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
if (eventInheritance) {
Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
} else {
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
}
Priority
优先级的应用：高优先级的事件处理函数可以终止事件的传递，通过cancelEventDelivery方法，但有一点需要注意，这个事件的ThreadMode必须是PostThread，并且只能终于它在处理的事件。
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
//...略
int size = subscriptions.size();
for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
//优先级高的会在队列的前面，有优先执行权
if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
break;
}
}
//...略
}
cancelEventDelivery
终止事件分发
public void cancelEventDelivery(Object event) {
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
if (!postingState.isPosting) {//事件必须在发送中
throw new EventBusException(
"This method may only be called from inside event handling methods on the posting thread");
} else if (event == null) {//事件必须非null
throw new EventBusException("Event may not be null");
} else if (postingState.event != event) {//事件必须是当前正在处理
throw new EventBusException("Only the currently handled event may be aborted");
} else if (postingState.subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode != ThreadMode.POSTING) {
//事件必须在发送线程中处理
throw new EventBusException(" event handlers may only abort the incoming event");
}
//canceld标示置为true，postSingleEventForEventType中进行中断
postingState.canceled = true;
}
注意事项
- 如消费事件的线程是在主线程，不宜做耗时操作
- post的事件会连着其父类和所实现的接口一起分发
- register&unregister一定要配对出现，否则会引发内存泄露
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