出现问题

在阿里云上用docker部署mysql，映射端口也做了，命令如下

[root@iz0rkitp75nazvz admin]# docker run -p 3307:3306 --name mysql04 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql

将docker容器中的3306端口，映射到公网的3307端口，本想通过本机来连接阿里云上刚部署好的mysql，没想到出现了问题。
在输入连接后，出现异常弹窗：

image.png

查询资料后发现原因：mysql 8.0 默认使用 caching_sha2_password 身份验证机制；客户端不支持新的加密方式。
而我在docker中安装的mysql是用docker pull mysql命令安装的，由于默认版本号是最新的，所以版本一定在8.0以上。

问题解决

修改用户（root）的加密方式

1.进入容器内部
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql04 bash
2.输入命令
root@8e74f086c2bb:/# mysql -u root -p
输入密码：

root@8e74f086c2bb:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.0.16 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

会提示并进入mysql容器：输入对应命令mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;

mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | plugin                | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | root             | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$Z%@a}aqP.mjjK<t?SjMyCAGpzJJtUmnYFmTgPoqWOESUfAg9ojwPkd8HzP4 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$Gr/wA/
                                                                      PHFFzz``OkyuNlZo3K6eObfcdOORjQoG3zvTztdSnkIDOgg5ZkmzRb/ |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

host为 % 表示不限制ip localhost表示本机使用 plugin非mysql_native_password 则需要修改密码
输入如下命令：

mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
mysql>flush privileges;

再次查询：

mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | plugin                | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | root             | mysql_native_password | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$Gr/wA/
                                                                      PHFFzz``OkyuNlZo3K6eObfcdOORjQoG3zvTztdSnkIDOgg5ZkmzRb/ |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

至此，我们就能远程连接阿里云docker中的mysql了。

image.png