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!非盈利非盈利非盈利！

这段话应该会出现在笔者所有雅思笔记的上面吧我想~

这个是2018年九月份咸鱼笔者突击雅思整理的笔记，由于笔者国内的学校基本上没有教任何关于语法的知识导致grammar比洋人还差，一般情况下西方学校英文最好最标准的都是大陆or香港仔(笑)

本系列的所有教程均按照浙江教育出版社的 剑桥雅思语法精讲 的顺序来安排的，建议配套？（反正都是自学）

本笔记仅用于个人复习所用，部分内容设计XDF和英孚国际的教程，希望不要找我麻烦啦（跪地求饶）

情态动词

情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,will,would,shall,ought to
need)是给出有关能力，可能性或者必要性的助动词

情态动词后面跟着不加to的不定式，情态动词形式不改变

He could speak(not he coulds speak)

Could you speak?(not Did you could speak)

一、常见的情态动词

Present现在时	can,can't,be able to,manage to,	I can't swim.
Past过去时	could,could't,be able to,manage to	They weren't able to find out his name.
Perfect完成时	Be able to,manage to	Have you managed to finish the report yet?
Future将来时	Be able to,manage to	I won't be able to meet you later

1.can/could ——能

表示能力：

此时could是can的过去式

I can swim.

He couldn't open the door because his naughty boy had locked it from the inside.

表示许可：

Can I borrrow the car?

表示有时会：

It's always cold in Zhejiang in winter but it can be warm at times.

表示推测，可能：

此时can=could

can常用于否定句和疑问句中

谈论现在和能力，can/could比be able to更常用：
Can you remember much about it(=Are you able to remember?)

谈论过去某特定场合的能力时，用coult't,was(n't)/were(n't) able to
do，而不能用could

The police were able to find out that he could speak French and Chinese.(not The
police could find out ……)

有时候用manage to do sth表示某事很难达成：

I've finally managed to give up smoking after all these years.（注意过去式）

Be able to或manage to可用于完成时或将来时的形式

Within a year he's been able to remember quite a lot.(not within a year he can
……)

can的其他用法

可以用来表示sometimes：

People can do funny thing when they've experienced something terrible(= people
sometimes do funny thing )

也可以用can来提出要求和给予许可：

Can I……

Yes, you can……

可能性

could/may/might表达相同的可能性

Couldn't 和can't表达的可能性相同，常用于谈论过去

May not和might not表达的可能性不同于couldn't（couldn't是不能，might
not是可能不）

**manage to是设法做到（然而还没有做到）**

**be able to是有能力做到（然而还没有做到）**

**can/could是之前已经做过（做过了做过了做过了啊啊啊）**

所以哪怕只有一次做过了也请给我用can（显得更自然一些也不会出错）

2.may——能

推测：可能

May not 可能不 （can't=could't 不可能）

May well not 很可能不

请求

May I come in .

3.must——一定是

表必须

Must:说话人主管要求

Have to：客观规律

You must buy a book before the class.

I am going to Florence next week so I will have to buy a guidebook.

疑问句中，常翻译为“非得”

Must you play the guitar so loudly? I can hardly pay attention to my book.

4.need

做情态动词不能用于肯定句

Need I go there with you?

You needn't do it.

做实义动词

Need to do

Nedd doing = nedd to be done

现在（不）可能

用may （not），might（not），could（n't），must，can't +
不带to的不定式来谈论当前的可能性

He may remember …..

He could remember …..

He can't be ……

He can remember…..

用may （not），might（not），could（n't），must，can't + +be
doing来谈论说话间可能正在发生的或者进展中事情（不是be动词就是tm的be啊啊）

They must be having……

She might be talking to her sister om the phone now.

过去（不）可能

用may （not），might（not），could（n't），must，can't +
+have+过去分词来谈论说话间可能正在发生的或者进展中事情

He must have hit……

He could have had……

用may （not），might（not），could（n't），must，can't + +had been
doing来谈论说话间可能正在发生的或者进展中事情

He might have been trying to run away from his past.

将来（不）可能

用may （not），might（not），could（n't）+
不带to的不定式来谈论当前的可能性（和现在相比就是不能用must和can，将来的事情都没有发生怎么用绝对啊八嘎）

He could make a total recovery one day.

用may （not），might（not），could（n't），must，can't + +be
doing来谈论未来某个时间按点的事情（和现在进行一模一样和啊喂）

I might be meeting John later.

书面文本中的可能性和观点

情态动词在书面语中起到软化信息的作用：

People are unkind…… ❌

People can be unkind…… ✔

二、情态动词

副词certainly，probably，possibly，perhaps和maybe等也可以用于表达于情态动词相同的观点

He had probably been attacked = he must have been attacked.

可以用it + be +
certain/likely/probably/possible/impossible来表达能力，概率和可能性

It is possible that the train will be late = the train might be late.

情态动词+have done

1.表示对过去的预测

Must have done 过去一定

Can't / couldn't have done 过去不可能

May / might have done 过去可能