Day 15
单词作业
1.Stagnation ；hallmark ；rotat
Stagnation, both political and economic, has been the hallmark of a country where little has changed for decades, even as power has rotated between the established parties of left and right.
Stagnation：停滞【economics】a situation in which a country’s economy is not growing or succeeding
•lack of activity, growth, or development:a period of economic stagnation
there is a risk of intellectual stagnation.
N-COUNT 可数名词标志;特征;特点The hallmark of something or someone is their most typical quality or feature.
【搭配模式】：usu with poss
It's a technique that has become thehallmarkof Amber Films...
这已经成为安伯电影公司的标志性技术。
The killing had thehallmarks of a professional assassination...
这起谋杀案具有职业暗杀的特征。
His designs show a love of simplicity which is very much hishallmark.
他的设计显示出对简约风格的偏爱，这正是他一贯的特点。
V-ERG 及物/不及物动词（使）轮流;（使）轮换 If people or things rotate, or if someone rotates them, they take it in turns to do a particular job or serve a particular purpose.
【语法信息】：V
【语法信息】：V n
The members of the club canrotateand one person can do all the preparation for the evening...
俱乐部的成员可以轮流工作，而且一个人就能做好晚上的所有准备工作。
They will swap posts in a year's time, according to new party rules whichrotatethe leadership.
根据轮流担任领导的新政党章程，他们在一年后会轮换职位。
2.upheaval
This year’s presidential election, the most exciting in living memory, promises an upheaval.
N-COUNT 可数名词激变；剧变；动乱An upheaval is a big change which causes a lot of trouble, confusion, and worry.
【搭配模式】：usu adj N
Wherever there is politicalupheaval, invariably there are refugees...
哪里有政治动乱，哪里就一定有难民。
Having a baby will mean the greatestupheavalin your life.
有了孩子意味着你的生活要发生重大的变化。
3.insurgent ；upstart
French voters may face a choice between two insurgent candidates: Marine Le Pen, the charismatic leader of the National Front, and Emmanuel Macron, the upstart leader of a liberal movement, En Marche! (On the Move!), which he founded only last year.
N-COUNT 可数名词起义者;暴动者;叛乱者 Insurgents are people who are fighting against the government or army of their own country.
【搭配模式】：usu pl
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
By early yesterday, theinsurgents had taken control of the country's main military air base.
到昨天清晨为止,叛乱者已经控制了该国的主要空军基地。
N-COUNT 可数名词（初到某地或初出茅庐却）自命不凡的家伙 You can refer to someone as an upstart when they behave as if they are important, but you think that they are too new in a place or job to be treated as important.
【语用信息】：disapproval
Many prefer a familiar authority figure to a youngupstart.
很多人都更愿意跟自己熟悉的权威人物打交道，而不是一个年纪轻轻却自命不凡的家伙。
...anupstartwho had come from nowhere.
原本是个无名之辈的目中无人的新丁
4.realignment ；reverberation
The resulting realignment will have reverberations far beyond France’s borders.
N-VAR 可变名词（公司、经济或体系的）重组If a company, economy, or system goes through a realignment, it is organized or arranged in a new way.
【搭配模式】：usu Nofn
...are alignment of the existing political structure.
现存政治结构的重组
5.revitalise
It could revitalise the European Union, or wreck it.
verb transitive[revitalizes revitalizing revitalized]
to give new life, energy, activity or success to something
•Japanese investment has revitalized this part of Britain.
6.allegedly
he was being formally investigated for paying his wife and children nearly €1m($1.05m) of public money for allegedly fake jobs.
据宣称 formal，used when reporting something that people say is true, although it has not been proved:
e.g. a sports car, allegedly stolen in Manchester
7.anguish
Further fuelling voters’ anger is their anguish at the state of France.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词（精神上的）悲痛；（身体上的）剧痛Anguish is great mental suffering or physical pain.
【STYLE标签】：WRITTEN 笔语
A cry ofanguishburst from her lips...
她突然痛苦地大叫了一声。
Mark looked at him inanguish.
马克痛苦地看着他。
8.pessimistic ; grumbling
One poll last year found that French people are the most pessimistic on Earth, with 81% grumbling that the world is getting worse and only 3% saying that it is getting better.
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词悲观的Someone who is pessimistic thinks that bad things are going to happen.
【搭配模式】：oft ADJaboutn
Not everyone is sopessimisticabout the future...
不是每个人都对未来如此悲观。
Hardy has often been criticised for an excessivelypessimisticview of life.
哈代由于对生活持过度悲观的态度而常常受到批评。
...one of the mostpessimisticforecasts for 1992.
对1992年最悲观的预言之一
[uncountable](also grumblings[plural]) a complaint about something:
She paid up, with some grumbling.Soon, the grumblings turned to open discontent.
9.sluggish ; vitality
Much of that gloom is economic. France’s economy has long been sluggish; its vast state, which absorbs 57% ofGDP, has sapped the country’s vitality.
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词懒洋洋的;缓慢的;有气无力的You can describe something as sluggish if it moves, works, or reacts much slower than you would like or is normal.
The economy remains sluggish...
经济的发展仍然非常缓慢。
Circulation is much more sluggish in the feet than in the hands.
脚部的循环比手部的循环缓慢得多。
...the sluggish pace of reforms.
改革的缓慢步伐
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词活力;生命力;热情 If you say that someone or something has vitality, you mean that they have great energy and liveliness.
Without continued learning, graduates will lose their intellectualvitality...
如果不继续学习，毕业生就会失去思想上的活力。
Mr Li said China's reforms had broughtvitalityto its economy.
李先生说中国的改革给其经济注入了活力。
10.malaise ; stagnant
But the malaise goes well beyond stagnant living standards.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词(社会或群体的)痼疾Malaise is a state in which there is something wrong with a society or group, for which there does not seem to be a quick or easy solution.
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
There is no easy short-term solution to Britain's chronic economicmalaise...
短期内迅速治愈英国经济顽症的灵丹妙药并不存在。
Unification has brought soaring unemployment and socialmalaise.
统一导致失业率猛增和社会动荡不安。
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词停滞不前的;不发展的;无变化的 If something such as a business or society is stagnant, there is little activity or change.
【语用信息】：disapproval
He is seeking advice on how to revive thestagnanteconomy...
他正在就如何振兴低迷的经济征求意见。
Mass movements are often a factor in the awakening and renovation ofstagnantsocieties.
群众性运动经常是能唤醒和振兴停滞不前的社会的一个因素。
11.jangle ; rift ; muslim
Repeated terrorist attacks have jangled nerves, forced citizens to live under a state of emergency and exposed deep cultural rifts in the country with Europe’s largest Muslim community.
V-ERG 及物/不及物动词（神经）紧张；刺激，烦扰（神经）If your nervesare jangling or if something jangles them, you are very anxious.
【语法信息】：V
【语法信息】：V n
Behind that quietness his nerves are jangling, he's in a terrible state...
表面看上去沉默不语，其实内心非常烦躁不安，他的情况糟透了。
The caffeine in coffee canjanglethe nerves.
咖啡中的咖啡因会使神经紧张。
N-COUNT 可数名词(关系的)严重不和，裂痕，争议A rift between people or countries is a serious quarrel or disagreement that stops them having a good relationship.
【搭配模式】：usu with supp
The interview reflected a growingriftbetween the President and the government...
这段采访反映了总统和政府之间的裂痕越来越大。
He has warned that the seriousrifts within the country could lead to civil war...
他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。
They hope to heal theriftwith their father.
他们希望能够弥合和父亲之间的裂痕。
ADJ 形容词穆斯林的;伊斯兰教的Muslimmeans relating to Islam or Muslims.
...Iran and otherMuslimcountries.
伊朗和其他伊斯兰国家
12.overhaul ; pension
France’s last serious attempt at ambitious economic reform, an overhaul of pensions and social security, was in the mid-1990s under President Jacques Chirac.
VERB 动词对…进行彻底革新；全面修订If you overhaul a system or method, you examine it carefully and make many changes in it in order to improve it.
【语法信息】：V n
The government said it wanted tooverhaulthe employment training scheme to make it cost effective...
政府表示希望彻底改革就业培训计划以实现低成本高效益。
The legal system needs to beoverhauled.
有必要对这套法律体系进行全面修正。
N-COUNT 可数名词养老金；退休金；抚恤金Someone who has a pension receives a regular sum of money from the state or from a former employer because they have retired or because they are widowed or disabled.
...struggling by on apension.
靠养老金苦苦支撑
...a company pension scheme.
公司养老金计划
pension off :发给…养老金使其退休
13.stasis
After decades of stasis, it is hardly surprising that French voters want to throw the bums out.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词停滞;静止Stasisis a state in which something remains the same, and does not change or develop.
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
Rock'n'roll had entered a period ofstasis.
摇滚乐已经进入了一个停滞期。
14.radically ; remedies
But they offer radically different diagnoses of what ails France and radically different remedies.
radically:从根本上地advocating thorough political or social reform; politically extreme.
▶Brit.historical belonging to an extreme section of the Liberal party in the 19th century.
N-COUNT 可数名词(问题的)解决方法，解决良方A remedy is a successful way of dealing with a problem.
The remedy lies in the hands of the government.
解决良策掌握在政府手中。
...a remedy for economic ills.
解决经济问题的良方妙策
15.decrie ; lslamist
She decries globalisation as a threat to French jobs and Islamists as fomenters of terror who make it perilous to wear a short skirt in public.
VERB 动词（强烈）谴责，抨击，反对If someone decries an idea or action, they criticize it strongly.
【语法信息】：V n
【语法信息】：V nasn
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
He is impatient with those whodecrythe scheme...
对于那些反对该方案的人，他表现得很不耐烦。
People decried the campaign as a waste of money.
人们谴责这一活动是浪费金钱。
N-COUNT 可数名词伊斯兰教徒An Islamis tis someone who believes strongly in Islamic ideas and laws.
【搭配模式】：oft N n
It was clear that there was significant support for theIslamists.
显然伊斯兰教徒获得了相当多的支持。
...an Islamistre gime.
伊斯兰政权
16.cumbersome
He thinks the way to get more French people working is to reduce cumbersome labour protections, not add to them.
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词复杂而低效的A cumbersome system or process is very complicated and inefficient.
...an old andcumbersomecomputer system...
过时而且低效的计算机系统
The proposed regulations are ill-defined and cumbersome and could be unnecessarily costly.
提议的规章制度阐述不清、复杂低效，而且可能会带来不必要的过高花费。
17.beleaguere ; trim ; payroll ; slash ; code
His liberalising programme will probably be less bold than that of the beleaguered Mr Fillon, who has promised to trim the state payroll by 500,000 workers and slash the labour code.
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词处境艰难的；饱受非议的；备受指责的A beleaguered person, organization, or project is experiencing a lot of difficulties, opposition, or criticism.
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
【STYLE标签】：FORMAL 正式
There have been seven coup attempts against the beleaguered government.
风雨飘摇的政府已经遭到了7次未遂政变的打击。
VERB 动词削减;缩减If a government or other organization trims something such as a plan, policy, or amount, they reduce it slightly in extent or size.
【语法信息】：V n
American companies looked at ways they could trim these costs...
美国公司研究了能够削减这些成本的方法。
We trimmed the marketing department.
我们缩小了市场营销部的规模。
N-COUNT 可数名词工资名单The people on the payroll of a company or an organization are the people who work for it and are paid by it.
【搭配模式】：oftonN
【FIELD标签】：BUSINESS 商
They had 87,000 employees on thepayroll.
他们在编员工有87,000名。
VERB 动词大量削减To slash something such as costs or jobs means to reduce them by a large amount.
【语法信息】：V n
【FIELD标签】：JOURNALISM 新闻
Car makers could be forced toslashprices after being accused of overcharging yesterday...
昨天被指控要价太高之后，汽车生产商可能会被迫大幅度降价。
Everyone agrees that subsidies have to beslashed.
所有人都同意必须大幅度削减补贴。
N-COUNT 可数名词行为准则;规则;法典;法规A code is a set of rules about how people should behave or about how something must be done.
【搭配模式】：oft n N
...Article 159 of the Turkish Penal Code.
《土耳其刑法法典》第159条
...local building codes.
地方建筑法规
18.insular ; nastier
A victory for Ms Le Pen would make France poorer, more insular and nastier.
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词孤立的;保守的;思想狭隘的If you say that someone is insular, you are being critical of them because they are unwilling to meet new people or to consider new ideas.
【语用信息】：disapproval
...the old image of theinsular, xenophobic Brit.
孤立保守而又恐外的英国人的旧有形象
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词令人不快的;令人厌恶的;恶劣的Something that is nasty is very unpleasant to see, experience, or feel.
...an extremelynastymurder...
令人发指的谋杀
This divorce could turnnasty.
这场离婚可能会撕破脸。
Day 16
思维导图
神句翻译
1.Stagnation, both political and economic,has beenthe hallmark ofa country where littlehas changed for decades, even aspower has rotated between the established parties of left and right.
法国过去几十年都鲜有变化，政治和经济上的停滞已经成了这个国家的典型特征，即便传统的左派和右派轮流执政也毫不起色。
注：established这个词很有意思，绝对的报刊高频词，通常表示某事/人/物已有稳固地位，比如established capitalist countries通常被翻成老牌资本主义国家。
They are an established company with a good reputation.
他们是一家地位稳固，信誉良好的公司。
An established actor 著名演员。
2.The implications ofthese insurgenciesare hard to exaggerate.
这些黑马带来的影响难以估量。
Infurgencies原指an attempt to take control of a country by force,
此处是和老牌政党形成对比。
3.The resulting realignment will have reverberations far beyond France’s borders. It could revitalize the European Union, orwreckit.
随之而来的改变所影响的范围远远不止法国本土，欧盟极有可能因此重振或毁灭。
Reverberation原意是回声，引申为影响，尤指广泛且消极的影响。
4.Further fuelling voter’s anger is theiranguish atthe state of France.
法国的现状令当地选民极为苦恼，这进一步激发了他们的愤怒。
5.Its vast state, which absorbs 57% of GDP,hassapped the country’s vitality.
庞大的政府消耗了GDP的57%，国家的活力因此而被削弱。
Sap vitality/energy/confidence:sap sth/sap sb of sth: to make sb/sth weaker; to destroy sth gradually.
The hot sun sapped our energy.
Years of failure have sapped him of his confidence.
注：Vast state指政府臃肿庞大，开支惊人，中国2010年政府开支占GDP比重为22%，
6.If she pulls France out of the euro, itwould trigger a financial crisis and doom a union that, for all its flaws, haspromoted peace and prosperity in Europe for six decades.
如果她使法国退出欧元区，则会引发一场金融危机，并且将欧盟带向灭亡。尽管欧盟有各种缺陷，但在过去六十年间确实促进了欧洲的和平与繁荣发展。
For all=despite 高频词！
神词组:
1.Uselessness andself-dealingof the ruling class：无用且假公济私的统治阶级
2.Exposed deep cultura lrifts with…暴露了与…的文化裂痕
Rift=division
The rift within the party deepened.党内分歧加深了。
Efforts to heal the rift between the two countries have failed.
弥合两国间分歧的各种努力都已失败。
3.Get to grips with: grip原意是“紧握”，延伸为“控制，影响力”，此处可理解为“解决”….
4.Overhaul of pensions and social security：退休金和社会保障改革
Overhaul全面大修，
a radical overhaul of the tax system is necessary.有必要彻底改革税制。
5.Massive strikes:大规模罢工
6.Tap into that frustration:利用这种沮丧的情绪
Tap (into) sth: to make use of asource of energy, knowledge, etc. that already exists.
Eg. We need to tap the expertiseof the people we already have.
7.Radically different：极为不同
8.Call a referendum onleaving the EU:号召脱欧公投
9.Staunchly pro-trade/embraces
cultural change and technological disruption.：坚定支持…
Staunchly:She staunchly defended the new policy.她坚定的维护新政策。
10.Be short onprecise policies:缺少具体的政策
11.Pitchhimselfas…把自己宣传/定位成…
名词：an aggressivesales pitch:强有力的推销行话
Each company was given ten minutes tomake its pitch.每个公司有十分钟的时间进
行推销宣传。
动词：推销pitchsth at sb/pitch sth as sth: to aim or direct a product or service at a particular group of people.
Eg. The new software is being pitched atbanks.这种新软件以银行为目标市场。
Representatives went to Japan to pitchthe company’s newest products.销售代表
前往日本推销本公司的最新产品。
12.Trim the state payroll by…削减员工数量
13.Repudiationofthe status quo：对现状的抗拒
14.Appeal to sb：to attract or interest sb
Eg. The design has to appeal to allages and social groups.
设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
15.Hefty loan：巨额贷款（注意搭配）
16.Suffer hacking attacks：遭到黑客攻击（注意搭配）
17.Slash labor code:简化劳动法（注意搭配）
18.Enact agenda:执行计划（注意搭配）
Day 17
总结反思
平时空余时间果然有必要多刷下小伙伴们的问题和导师的解答，每日的群内消息整理中不乏有自己之前可能一带而过的细节问题可以挖掘，需重点加强关注。
在此次的梳理文章结构的过程中明显感觉到了抓关键词来把握全文大意的重要性，一但开始注意转折词并加以标注，理解自然就更为简单。
此次的生词积累有很多都属高频词，值得一再复习整理，也很高兴的准确预估到了一些相关词汇，提前做了预习和整理工作，神句翻译则还有待改进加强，部分表达需要在精进，变得更为地道。
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